10th Social Science - Public Answer Key 2025

 

 

 

 

SSLC PUBLIC EXAMINATION - MARCH/APRIL 2025

SOCIAL SCIENCE - (ENGLISH MEDIUM)

ANSWER KEY

MAXIMUM MARKS: 100

PART - I

 

Answer all the Questions:                                                                                                            14×1=14

 

1. ( b ) Japan

2. ( c ) Pope

3. ( b ) 1976

4. ( a ) Assertion is correct but Reason is not apt to the Assertion

5. ( c ) Munda Rebellion

6. ( c ) Tropical Monsoon Climate

7. ( a ) Cotton

8. ( c ) Maharashtra

9. ( b ) Demography

10. ( b ) Millets

11. ( c ) Tamil Nadu

12. ( c ) An Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

13. ( b ) Value added approach

14. ( d ) 1994

 

PART – II

 

Answer any 10 Questions:  [ Q.NO 28 IS COMPULSORY ]                                                   10×2=20

 

15. • In 1894 Japan foced a war on China. The crusing defeat of China by little Japan in the Sino-Japanese War surprised the world.

      • Despite the warning of three great powers Russia, Germany and France – Japan annexed the Liaotung peninsula with port Arthur.

      • By this action Japan proved that it was the strongest nation of the East Asia.

 

16. • The ‘Great Depression’ (1929) also dealt a death blow to Indian agriculture and the indigenous manufacturing sector.

      • The value of farm produce declined by half, while the land rent to be paid by the peasant remained unchanged.

      • In terms of prices of agricultural commodities, the obligation of the farmers to the state doubled.

      • The great fall in prices prompted Indian nationalists to demand protection for the internal economy.

 

17. • The Palayakkarars were free to collect revenue, administer the territory, settle disputes and maintain law and order.

      • Their Police duties were known as Padikaval or Arasu Kaval.

 

18. Satara, Sambalpur, Parts of Punjab, Jhansi and Nagpur were annexed by the British through the Doctrine of Lapse.

 

19. • Annie Besant, started Home Rule League in 1916, and carried forward the demand for home rule all over India.

      • She started the newspapers New India and Commonweal to carry forward her agenda. She remarked, “Better bullock carts and freedom than a train deluxe with subjection”.

 

20. • The physiographic division is the largest part of the plateau region of India. The shape of this plateau is roughly triangular.

      •  One of the sides of this triangle is marked by the line joining Kanyakumari with Rajmahal Hills and this line passes through the Eastern Ghats.

      • The second arm is marked by the Satpura Range, Mahadeo Hills, Maikal Range and the Rajmahal Hills.

      • The third arm is marked by the Western Ghats. The area of this Plateau is about 7 lakh square km and the height ranges from 500 to 1000 m above sea level.

 

21. The four distinct seasons of India are;

                   • Winter season  (January – February)

                   • Summer  season  (March – May)

                   • Southwest monsoon or rainy season (June – September).

                   • Northeast monsoon season (October – December).

 

22. The types of agriculture practices in India are,

(i)                 Subsistence Farming

(ii)               Shifting Agriculture

(iii)             Intensive Farming

(iv)             Dry Farming

(v)               Mixed Farming

(vi)             (vi) Terrace Farming

 

23. Some major islands of Tamil Nadu.

·         Pamban

·         Hare

·         Krusadai

·         Nallathanni Theevu

·         Pullivasal

·         Srirangam

·         Upputanni

·         Island Grounds

·         Kattupalli Island

·         Quibble Island

·         Vivekananda Rock Memorial

 

24. Major multipurpose projects of Tamil Nadu are:

·         Mettur Dam

·         Bhavani Sagar Dam

·         Amaravathi Dam

·         Krishnagiri Dam

·         Sathanur Dam

·         Mullai Periyar Dam

·         Vaigai Dam

·         Manimuthar Dam

·         The Papanasam Dam

 

25. Original Jurisdiction

·         The High Courts of the Presidency towns Bombay, Calcutta and Madras have both original and appellate jurisdictions.

·         Only in matters of admiralty, probate, matrimonial and contempt of Court, they have original jurisdiction.

·         The Presidency High Courts have original jurisdiction in which the amount involved is more than 2000 and in criminal cases which are committed to them by the Presidency Magistrates.

 

26. Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Tito of Yugoslavia, Nasser of Egypt, Sukarno of Indonesia, and Kwame Nkumarah of Ghana were the founding fathers of NAM.

 

27. According to FAO (2009), “Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.”

 

28. ‘Startup India Scheme’ is an initiative of the Indian government, the primary objective of which is the promotion of startups, generation of employment and wealth creation.

 

PART - III

 

Answer any 10 Questions:  [ Q.NO 42 IS COMPULSORY ]                                                   10×5=50

 

29. i) Kayathar

     ii) Gopala Krishna Gokhale

    iii) Nilgiri tahr

    iv) 51(A)

     v) Industrial sector

 

 

 

30. Treaty of Versailles

·         The German army was to be limited to 100,000 men. A small navy was allowed.

·         The union of Austria and Germany was forbidden.

·         All German colonies became mandated territories under the League of Nations.

·         Germany was forced to revoke the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (with Russia) and Bucharest (Bulgaria).

·         Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France.

·         The former Russian territories of Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were to be independent.

·         Poland was recreated.

·         The Rhineland was to be occupied by the Allies. The area on the east bank of the Rhine was to be demilitarized

 

31. Effects of the War

New geo-political power alignment:

                                                               World War II changed the world in fundamental ways. The world was polarized into two main blocs led by superpowers, one led by the United States with a pronounced anti-Communist ideology, and the other by Soviet Russia. Europe was divided into two: Communist and non-Communist.

 

 Nuclear proliferation:

                                         The United States and the Soviet Union entered into a race to have more nuclear powered weapons. They built a large stockpile of such weapons. Defence spending sky-rocketed in many countries.

 

International agencies:

                                         Many international agencies, in particular the United Nations, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund came into existence providing a forum for countries large and small.

                                         Colonial powers were forced to give independence to former colonies in a process of decolonization. India was the first to achieve independence.

 

32.

a)  i)

North east monsoon	South west monsoon
• These winds blow in a Northeast direction from North India towards Bay of Bengal (land to sea)	• These winds blow in a south west direction from the Indian ocean towards India (Sea to land)
• These winds pick up moisture from Bay of bengal and give heavy rainfall to the coromandal coast.	• They give heavy rainfall to west coastal plains and northern plain
• They give rain during October-November.	• They give rains during June -September.

 

 

ii)

Renewable resources	Non – renewable resources
• Renewable resources are those which have natural regeneration after their utilisation.	• Non renewable resources are those that cannot be replaced again after utilisation.
• Ex: Solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, wave energy etc.	• Ex: Coal, petroleum, natural gas etc.

 

b) • When the altitude increases, the temperature decreases.

    • Temperature decreases at the rate of 6.5°C for every 1000 metres of ascent. It is called normal lapse rate.

    • Hence, places in the mountains are cooler than the places on the plains.

 

33.

Rajaram Mohan Roy

 

·         Raja Ram Mohan Roy was deeply concerned with the prevailing social evils of sati, Child marriage and polygamy.

·         He published tracts against them and petitioned the government to legislate against them.

·          His campaign played a key role in forcing the Governor-General William Bentincks legislation abolishing sati in 1829,

 

Swami Dayananda Saraswati

 

·         Swami Dayananda Saraswati was the great believer in the teachings of Vedas.

·         He argued against all wrong things being propagated in the name of Hinduism.

·         He supported and advocated women’s right to education and equal social status.

·         He campaigned against untouchability and child marriage.

 

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

 

·         Iswar Chandra Vidayasagar played a leading role in promoting education for girls and helped them in setting up a number of schools.

·         He dedicated his whole life for the betterment of the child widows of the Hindu society.

·         The movement led by Vidyasagar resulted in the Widow’s Remarriage Reform Act of 1856.

 

Jyotiba Govindrao Phule

 

·         His foremost work was in the field of women’s education.

·          To fulfill his ideals he opened a school for girls in 1848 the first ever girls school in the country.

·         He also supported widow remarriage and was against child marriage.

 

34.  The rivers in south India are called the Peninsular rivers. Most of these rivers originate from the Westerm Ghats. These are seasonal rivers (non-perennial) Based on the direction of flow, the peninsular riven are divided into the West flowing and East flowing rivers.

 

East Flowing Rivers:

 

Mahanadi

·         The River Mahanadi originates near Sihawa in Raipur district of Chattisgarh and flows through Odisha.

·         Its length is 851 km. Seonath, Telen, Sandur and Ib are its major tributaries.

·         The Mahanadi empties its water in Bay of Bengal.

 

Godavari

·         Godavari is the longest river (1,465 km) with an area of 3.13 lakh km² among the Peninsular rivers. It is also called Vridha Ganga.

·         It flows through the states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh before joining Bay of Bengal. Purna, Penganga, Pranitha, Indravati, Tal and Salami are its major tributaries.

·         Kolleru, a fresh water lake is located in the deltaic region of the Godavari

 

Kaveri

·         The river Kaveri originates at Talakaveri. Kudagu hills of Karnataka. Its length is 805 km.

·         The river kaveri is called Dhakshin Ganga or Ganga of south.

·         The Kaveri breaks at Srirangam Island with two channels, river Coleroon and Kaveri. At last, it empties into the Bay of Bengal at Poompuhar.

 

West Flowing Rivers:

 

Narmada

·         It rises in Amarkantak Plateau in Madhya Pradesh at an elevation of about 1057 m and flows for a distance of about 1,312 km. It covers an area of 98,796 sq km and forms 27 km long estuary.

·         It is the largest among the west flowing rivers of Peninsular India.

·         Its principal tributaries are Burhner, Halon, Heran, Banjar, Dudhi, Shakkar, Tawa, Barna and Kolar.

 

Tapti

·         It is one of the major rivers of Peninsular India with the length of about 724 km. It covers an area of 65,145 sq km.

·         The major tributaries are Vaki, Gomai, Arunavati, Aner, Nesu, Buray, Panjhra and Bori.

·         It outfalls into the Arabian Sea through the Gulf of Cambay.

 

 

 

 

35.

Types of soil	Characteristics growing crops	Distribution
Alluvial Soil	Dark colour	Ganga valleys, plains of UP, Punjab, Haryana, etc
Black Soil	Sticky when wet Black in colour	Maharastra, Telungana, Kathiawar
Red Soil	v  Rich in Iron and magnesium v  Light texture	Deccan plateau, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
Latrite Soil	Composed by iron and aluminium	Assam hills, Kerala, Karnataka
Forest and mountain soil	Light, sandy, thin with pieces of rocks	Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh
Arid and Desert soils	v  dry soil v  Lack humus contains soluble salts	Rajasthan
Saline and Alkaline soils	Sodium, Magnesium, calcium and sulphurous acids found	Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, UP, Haryana, Punjab
Peat and marshy soils	Deficient in potash and phosphate high vegetable matter	Odisha, Tamilnadu, Sundarbans

 

36. Modes of Transport available in Tamil Nadu.

Roadways

·         The State has a total road length of 167,000 km, In which 60,628km are maintained by state Highways Department.

·         It ranks second in India with a share of over 20% in total road projects under operation in the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model.

 

Railways

·         Tamil Nadu has a well-developed rail network as part of Southern Railway, headquartered at Chennai.

·         The present Southern Railway network extends over a large area of India's southern peninsula, covering Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry, minor portions of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

·         Chennai has a well-established suburban railway network, a Mass Rapid Transport system(MRTS) and is currently developing a Metro system.

 

Airways

·         Tamil Nadu has four major international airports.

·         Chennai International Airport is currently the third largest airport in India after Mumbai and Delhi.

·         Other international airports in Tamil Nadu include Coimbatore, Madurai and Tiruchirapalli airports. It also has domestic airports at Tuticorin and Salem.

Waterways

·         Tamil Nadu has three major ports.

·         They are in Chennai, Ennore and Tuticorin.

·         It has an intermediate port at Nagapattinam and 15 minor ports.

·         All the minor ports are managed by the Tamil Nadu Maritime Board, Chennai Port.

·         This is an artificial harbour and the second principal port in the country for handling containers.

 

37. Duties and functions of Prime Minister

·         The Prime Minister decides the rank of his ministers and distributes various departments.

·         The Prime Minister decides the dates and the agenda of the meeting of the Cabinet which he presides.

·         The Prime Minister informally consults two or three of his senior colleagues when he does not convene a Cabinet meeting.

·         The Prime Minister supervises the work of various ministers.

·         To converse to the President all decisions of the Council of Ministers connecting to the government of the affairs of the Union and proposals for legislation.

·         The Prime Minister act as the link between the President and the Council of Ministers.

·         The Prime Minister is the leader of the nation and chief spokesperson of the country.

·         As the leader of the nation, the Prime Minister represents our nation at all international conferences like the commonwealth, summit of the non aligned nations and SAARC nations.

 

38. Salient features of Indian Constitution

·         It is the lengthiest of all the written constitutions of the world.

·         It has borrowed most of its provisions from the constitutions of various countries.

·         It is partly rigid and partly flexible.

·         It establishes a federal system of government.

·         It makes India as a secular state.

·         It provides an independent judiciary.

·         It introduces Universal Adult Franchise and accords the right to vote to all citizens above 18 years of age without any discrimination.

 

39.  • National Income is a measure of the total money value of goods and services produced by an economy over a period of time, normally a year.

       • Commonly National Income is called as Gross National Product(GNP) or National Dividend.

 

Various terms associated with measuring of National Income

 

Gross National Product (GNP)

·         Gross National Product is the total value of goods and services produced and income received in a year by domestic residents of a country.

·         It includes profits earned from capital invested abroad.

 

GNP = C+I+G+(X-M) + NFIA)

C = Consumption  ,  I = Investment  ,  G = Government Expenditure  ,  X-M =  Export-Import

NFIA = Net Factor Income from Abroad

 

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of output of goods and services produced by the factors of production within the geographical boundaries of the country.

 

Net National Product (NNP)

Net National Product(NNP) is arrived by making some adjustment with regard to depreciation that is we arrive the Net National Product (NNP) by deducting the value of depreciation from Gross National Product. NNP = GNP - Depreciation

 

Net Domestic Product (NDP)

Net Domestic Product (NDP) is a part of Gross Domestic Product, Net Domestic Product is obtained from the Gross Domestic Product by deducting the Quantum of tear and wear expenses (depreciation)

                                       NDP = GDP – Depreciation

 

Per Capita Income (PCI)

·         Per capita Income or output per person is an indicator to show the living standard of people in a country.

·         It is obtained by dividing the National Income by the population of a country.

                    Per Capita Income = National Income/Population

 

Personal Income (PI)

Personal income is the total money income received by individuals and households of a country from all possible sources before direct taxes.

 

Disposable Income (DI)

Disposable income means actual income which can be spent on consumption by individuals and families, thus, it can be expressed as DPI = PI – Direct Taxes

 

40.  

       • The origin of the word “tax” is from “taxation.” Which means an estimate.

       • Taxes are compulsory payments to government without expectation of direct return (or) benefit to the tax payer.

 

Types of tax:

·         Direct tax

·         Indirect tax

 

Direct tax: The burden of a direct tax cannot be shifted to others are called direct tax.

                  Some direct tax are,

·         Income tax

·         Wealth tax

·         Corporate tax

 

Income tax:

·         Income tax is the most common and most important tax levied on an individual in India.

·         It is charged directly based on the income of a person.

·         The rate at which it is charged varies, depending on the level of income.

 

Corporate tax:

·         This tax is levied on companies that exist as separate entities from their shareholders.

·         It is charged on royalties, interest gains from sale of capital assets located in India and fees for a technical services and dividends.

 

Wealth tax:

·         Wealth tax is charged on the benefits derived from property ownership.

·         The same property will be taxed every year on its current market value.

·         The tax is levied on the individuals and companies alike.

 

Indirect tax: The burden of a tax can be shifted to others are called direct tax.

                     Some indirect tax are,

·         Stamp tax

·         Entertainment tax

·         Excise duty

·         Goods and service tax

 

Stamp duty:

Stamp duty is a tax that is paid on official documents like marriage registration or documents related to a property and in some contractual agreements.

 

Entertainment tax:

·         Entertainment tax is a duty that is charged by the government on any source of entertainment provided.

·         This tax can be charged on movie tickets, tickets to amusement parks, exhibitions and even sports events.

 

Excise duty:

·         An excise tax is any duty on manufactured goods levied at the movement of manufacture, rather than at sale.

·         Excise is typically imposed in addition to an indirect tax such as a sales tax.

 

 

41. Draw any 5 Time line chart of Indian National Movement for following 1910 and 1940

 

 

42. Mark the following places on the map of the World.

·         Italy

·         Pacific Ocean

·         France

·         Serbia

·         Japan

 

PART – IV

 

Answer the following question:                                                                                                    2×8=16

 

43. a)

·         The Congress session held in Lahore in December 1929 with Jawaharlal Nehru as the President, Poorna Swaraj was declared as the goal.

·         It was also decided to boycott the Round Tabs Conference and launch a Civil Disobedience Movement.

·         A pledge was taken to attain Poorna Swar non-violently through civil disobedience including non-payment of taxes.

 

i) Salt Satyagraha Movement:

a)      A charter of demands presented to the Viceroy Lord Irwin with an ultimatum to comply by 31 January 1930 included.

 

·         Reduction of expenditure on army and civil services by 50%.

·         Introduction of total prohibition.

·         Release of all political prisoners.

 

b)      When the Viceroy did not respond to the Charter of demands, Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience Movement.

 

c)      At the break of dawn on 12 March 1930 Gandhi set out from Sabarmati Ashram with 78 of its inmates and covered a distance of 241 miles in 24 days to reach Dandi at sunset on 5 April 1930.

 

d)     In Tamil Nadu, C. Rajaji led a similar salt march from Tiruchirapalli to Vedaranyam.

 

1) Round Table Conference:

·         The Congress did not attend the first Round Table Conference as its leaders were in Jail.

·         The conference closed without any decision.

 

2) Gandhi – Irwin Pact:

·         According to this act, the British agreed to the demand of immediate release of all political prisoners not involved in violence, return of confiscated land and lenient treatment of government employees who had resigned.

·          It also permitted the people of coastal villages to make salt for consumption and non-violent picketing.

 

3) Renewal of Civil disobedience Movement:

·         On returning to India, Gandhi revived the Civil Disobedience Movement the government was prepared to meet the resistance.

·         Martial law was enforced and Gandhi was arrested on 4 January 1932.

·         The Congress did not participate in the third round table conference as it had revived the Civil Disobedience Movement.

 

b) Formation of the Justice Party:

(i)                 On 20^th November 1916 around 30 prominent non-Brahmin leaders including Dr. C. Natesanar, Sir Pitti Theyagarayar. T.M. Nair and Alamelu Mangai Thayarammal came together to form the South Indian Liberation Federation (SILF).

(ii)               In the context of Congress Party boycotting the legislature, the Justice Party continued to remain in office till 1937 elections were held.

(iii)             In the 1937 elections the Indian National Congress contested the elections for the first time and trounced the Justice Party.

 

Contribution:

(i)                 The Justice Party government widened education and employment opportunities for the majority of the population and created space for them in the political sphere.

(ii)               It removed the legal hindrances restricting inter-caste marriages and broke the barriers that prevented Depressed Classes from the use of public wells and tanks.

(iii)             It ordered that public schools accommodate the children of the Depressed Classes.

(iv)             The Madras legislature under the Justice Party government was the first to approve participation of women in the electoral politics in 1921.

(v)               Two Communal Government Orders (16^th September 1921 and 15^th August 1922) were passed to ensure equitable distribution in appointments among various castes and communities

(vi)             It introduced the Hindu Religious Endowment (HRE) Act in 1926

(vii)           It enabled any individual, irrespective of their caste affiliation, to become a member of the temple committee and govern the resources of the religious institutions.

 

44. a) Mark the following places on the given outline map of India.

(i)                 Western Ghat

(ii)               Deccan plateau

(iii)             Panna Biosphere Reserve

(iv)             River Ganga

(v)               Black Soil region

(vi)             Mettur Dam

(vii)           International Airport (Any one)

(viii)         Petroleum region

b) Mark the following places on the given gutline map of Tamil Nadu.

(i)                 Cauvery River

(ii)               Nilgiri

(iii)             Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary

(iv)             Pulicat Lake

(v)               Airport (any one)

(vi)             Sugarcane growing area

(vii)           Coal mining are (any one)

(viii)        

Indian Ocean